[Effect of intravenous hypertonic solution administration on the abomasal emptying in newborn calves]

It has been shown that the rate at which a meal leaves the abomasum is influenced by the volume, constituents and pH of the chyme through duodenal receptors. A direct correlation between tonicity of oral solutions and abomasal emptying has been observed. It has been noted that if the osmolarity of an oral solution is increased, the rate of emptying from the abomasum decreases. Nowadays Hypertonic solutions are widely used to treat septic shock and diarrhea. Determination of the effects of intravenous hypertonic Dextrose and Sodium Chloride solutions on the abomasal emptying in neonatal calves. The present study was carried out on Six 5 to 8 day-old colostrum-fed Holstein-Friesian calves. Calves were administered each of 4 treatments in a crossover study. Each calf was weighed and then assigned to one of the following treatments at 1 ml/kg body weight [BW] IV in random order: 1] 0.9% NaCl, equivalent to 308 mOsm/L [volume control]; 2] 7.2% NaCl, equivalent to 2500 mOsm/L [osmolality control]; 3] 5% dextrose, equivalent to 0.05 g dextrose/kg BW at 250 mOsm/L; and 4] 50% dextrose, equivalent to 0.5 g dextrose/kg BW at 2500 mOsm/L. All 4 solutions were injected over 1 minute at a smooth rate, and time = 0 minutes was the start of injection. Immediately after administration of each treatment, the calves were allowed to suckle 2Lof fresh cow's milk at room temperature [19[degree sign] to 22[degree sign]C] that contained a dose of acetaminophen [50 mg/kg BW]. Abomasal emptying rate was measured by use of the acetaminophen absorption technique as previously described. Venous blood samples for determination of plasma acetaminophen, glucose and insulin concentration were collected. The results of the current study revealed that there was no difference in abomasal emptying rate between the 4 treatments. The results indicate that IV isotonic and hypertonic solutions, unlike the oral route have no effect on abomasal emptying

[Anatomical and histological study of the torus pyloricus and pyloric sphincter in domestic ox]

For macroscopic and microscopic study of the Torus pyloricus and pyloric sphincter, ten fresh healthy abomasoms of oxes with the ages between 12-18 months were used. Samples were studied anatomically first dimensions of the tori pylorici were measured and then they were cut longitudinally on the lesser curvature line so that the torus pyloricus divided into two parts for histological purposed. 5x5mm samples were taken from the proximal and distal parts of the tori pylorici and pyloric sphincters and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Routine histological methods were used and 6 micro paraffin sections were stained with heamatoxylin-eosin and studied under light microscope. The lengths of the mucosa layer mucosal glands and the muscularis layer were measured by graticule. Datas were analysed statistically and examined by the Anova test. The torus pyloricus is a prominence with the enlargement of the tunica submocusa and the muscular layer. The thick layer of the tunica submocusa filled with adipose tissue and bundles of smooth muscles arised from the inner circular muscle layer. The muscularis moscusa is also extend as trabeculae around the bundles of mucosal glands and make a lobulation form to them. These structures enabled the torus pyloricus settled into and complete accumulation of the pyloric orifice when the pyloric sphincter contract. The thick circular muscle layer of the pyloric sphincter make a taft ring around the pyloric orifice. The presence a lot of elastic fibers between the muscles increased the elasticity of the sphincter related to the closuring the orifice